Sickle cell crisis!

Sickle cell disease is a hereditary problem that causes a type of faulty hemoglobin in red blood cells. Hemoglobin carries oxygen in the blood. Sickle cell disease is a group of inherited and lifelong health conditions that affect the red blood cells. The most serious condition is called sickle cell anemia. It is common among African and Caribbean family background population. In the United States, it affects between 70,000 to 100,000 Americans. 

What is a sickle cell crisis?

It is one of the most common distressing symptoms of sickle cell disease. It is also known as episode pain. The trigger of crisis in the sickle cell is still unknown, but dehydration, too much exercise, and whether especially cold weather may exacerbate it. Additionally, some researchers found that the body’s nitric oxide level is correlated to the probability of pain episode onset. The episode itself may last up to seven (7) days in several cases. The average number of episodes is one (1), but some patients may suffer from 2 or 3 per year and this depends on the external factors and stressors in addition to the haplotype. 

Sickle cell crisis is characterized by severe pain that may affect several areas in the body including:

1. Spine
2. Pelvis
3. Tummy
4. Hands and arms
5. Feet and legs
6. Ribs and chest 

Why do SCD patients develop a crisis?

The main reason for the development of the crisis in sickle cell patients is the blockage of blood flow to the bone. This blockage is a result of the sickle shape of red blood cells that are starting to accumulate in small vessels. As mentioned before the pain may be severe and extends to different parts of the body like arms, legs, chest, feet, and pelvis.  Moreover, the pain would vary from one patient to another. Some patients may be able to manage it at home with proper oral medications and hydration, while others may need to go to the emergency or hospital to control the pain.

How to avoid crisis?

While the reasons for the crisis in Sickle cell patients are still unknown, several practices could be adopted to minimize and avoid the development of the crisis.

1. Avoiding alcohol.
2. Avoid smoking.
3. Ensure optimal body hydration.
4. Avoiding severe and extensive exercises and activities/sports.
5. Avoiding stress
6. Treat infection as soon as possible.
7. Wearing warm clothes in cold, rainy, and windy weather.
8. Sleeping well.
9. Controlling sugar level in case of diabetes.